A 10-year-old child presents with fever, joint pain, and a recent history of sore throat. The physician diagnoses the child with acute rheumatic fever. Which of the following medications is the drug of choice for treating the underlying infection?

A 6-year-old child is brought to the clinic with swollen gums, bleeding around the teeth, and pinpoint hemorrhages on the skin. The mother reports that the child rarely eats fruits or vegetables. Which disease is most likely associated with this vitamin deficiency?

A 59-year-old woman is diagnosed with hemolytic anemia. The nurse provides dietary teaching to help improve her condition. Which of the following types of foods should the nurse recommend including in her diet?

A 68-year-old man is admitted to the hospital with sudden weakness and paralysis on the right side of his body. Imaging confirms a left-sided ischemic stroke. Which nursing diagnosis should take priority for this newly diagnosed patient?

A 72-year-old man is admitted to the stroke unit with a diagnosis of right-sided cerebral infarction. The nurse notes that the patient has left-sided homonymous hemianopsia. Which nursing intervention should be included in the plan of care during the acute phase of the stroke?

A 55-year-old diabetic patient is found to have a blood glucose level of 60 mg/dL during routine monitoring. The nurse’s protocol states to give 15 g of a rapid-acting carbohydrate if the glucose level is below 70 mg/dL. How many milliliters of orange juice should the nurse administer?

A 63-year-old man with a long history of smoking is scheduled for a pneumonectomy the next morning. The nurse reviews his chart to understand the reason for this surgery. Which of the following diagnoses is the most likely indication for a pneumonectomy?

A 58-year-old patient with a history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) has just discontinued a heparin sodium infusion and started on oral warfarin sodium (Coumadin). During discharge teaching, the nurse should advise the patient that which of the following needs to be continued?

A patient receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) through a central line suddenly becomes restless and short of breath. Vital signs show BP 90/60 mmHg, HR 120/min, RR 22/min, Temp 37.1°C, and oxygen saturation 90% on room air. Chest auscultation reveals a new heart murmur. What is the most appropriate initial nursing action?

A 16-year-old boy fractured his right tibia and fibula during a football match. Eight weeks later, the fractures have healed, and the cast has been removed. Which range-of-motion (ROM) exercises would be most beneficial for this patient at this stage of recovery?

A 65-year-old woman with a history of hypothyroidism since age 45 is brought to the clinic by ambulance with severely decreased consciousness. On assessment, her breathing is shallow and irregular, the skin is cool, dry, and pale, and there is generalized non-pitting edema. Vital signs: BP 70/40 mmHg, HR 60/min, RR 12/min, Temp 35.5°C (tympanic). What is the most appropriate method to re-warm this patient?

A nurse is preparing to perform a blood glucose test on a full-term neonate. The physician has ordered a capillary glucose measurement. Which site is usually considered the best for puncture in neonates?

A 48-year-old patient has been recently diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis affecting the hands. During the teaching session, the nurse discusses the treatment plan. Which of the following treatments should the nurse include at this stage?

A 34-year-old man with quadriplegia lives at home with his wife. To prevent contractures of all extremities, the community care nurse plans to teach his wife which of the following interventions?

A 6-year-old child presents to the clinic with fever, malaise, and anorexia. The child was treated for a streptococcal throat infection 2 weeks ago. Which test should the nurse anticipate the physician ordering?

A 40-year-old woman presents with right hip pain. Palpation of the pelvic girdle is normal. X-ray reveals bone deformities, osteolytic lesions, and bone enlargement. She has no history of trauma and has been otherwise healthy. Which serum laboratory analysis would be most useful in evaluating her condition?

A client reports itching approximately 20 minutes after starting a blood transfusion. Which of the following is the best initial nursing action?

A 32-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes mellitus underwent a cholecystectomy and is now on postoperative day 2. Her bowel sounds have returned, and she has resumed a normal diet but has been eating less than half of her meals. During a routine assessment, the nurse finds the patient confused and shaky. Vital signs: BP 110/60 mmHg, HR 96/min, RR 22/min, Temp 37.0°C. What is the most appropriate initial intervention?

A 32-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes mellitus is on postoperative day 2 after a cholecystectomy. Her bowel sounds have returned, and she has resumed a normal diet but has been eating less than half of her meals. During a routine assessment, the nurse finds her confused and shaky. Vital signs: BP 110/60 mmHg, HR 96/min, RR 22/min, Temp 37.0°C. What is the most appropriate initial nursing intervention?

A 55-year-old patient with advanced cancer expresses a desire to stop chemotherapy and transition to palliative care. Which psychological status does this decision most likely reflect?

A 68-year-old patient with advanced-stage cancer is no longer receiving curative treatment and the healthcare team focuses on relieving pain and improving quality of life. What type of treatment is being provided to this patient?

A psychiatric patient exhibiting violent behavior toward self and others was placed alone in a room during the acute episode. After calming down, the patient told the nurse, “I am okay now, let me join others,” but the nurse refused as a form of punishment. Under which legal/ethical label could the nurse potentially be accused in court?

A 58-year-old client presents to the clinic with chest discomfort, shortness of breath, and fatigue. The nurse suspects coronary artery disease (CAD). Which of the following actions should be the first priority of care?

A 62-year-old client presents to the emergency department with sudden severe chest pain, radiating to the left arm, and shortness of breath. The nurse suspects a myocardial infarction (MI). What is the first intervention the nurse should implement?

A 58-year-old patient with a history of stable angina presents with chest pain. The physician orders a sublingual nitroglycerin tablet. The nurse knows the correct dose to administer is:

During the shift, a cancer patient is surrounded by visitors, laughing loudly, and engaging socially. Before the shift ends, the patient calls the nurse, reporting severe pain (8/10) and requests pain medication, but appears comfortable. What is the best nursing intervention in this situation?

A patient with moderate pain was prescribed Ibuprofen 300 mg every 4 hours PRN and Morphine 5 mg every 4 hours PRN. Two hours after receiving Ibuprofen, the patient continues to complain of pain. What is the best nursing intervention?

The parents of a 3-month-old infant are preparing for cleft lip repair surgery. Which instruction should the nurse provide to the parents to ensure safe postoperative care?

A patient is seven days post-abdominal surgery and reports pain at the incision site that increases with walking. On assessment, the incision appears red with pus surrounding it. This presentation may indicate which of the following?

A 4-year-old preschooler is admitted to the hospital the day before a scheduled surgery. This is the child’s first hospitalization. Which nursing action will best help reduce the child’s anxiety about the upcoming surgery?

A 5-year-old preschooler is scheduled for a bone marrow puncture. Which teaching aid provided by the nurse would be developmentally appropriate to help the child understand the procedure?

A 5-year-old preschooler is scheduled for a bone marrow puncture. Which teaching aid provided by the nurse would be developmentally appropriate to help the child understand the procedure?

Parents of a newborn with a unilateral cleft lip are concerned about when the defect can be repaired. The nurse explains that surgical repair usually occurs at what age?

A nurse is providing routine immunization counseling to the parents of a newborn. At what age should the hepatitis B vaccine series begin?

A 7-year-old child is admitted to the hospital with decreased urine output and periorbital edema and is diagnosed with acute glomerulonephritis. Which nursing intervention should receive the highest priority?

A 60-year-old client with end-stage renal disease is undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Before starting the procedure, the nurse records baseline assessments, and after the dialysis session, the nurse reassesses the client. Which assessment is most valuable for evaluating the effectiveness of peritoneal dialysis?

A 58-year-old client with chronic renal failure is receiving peritoneal dialysis. After completing the dialysis session, the nurse assesses the client to determine whether the treatment has been effective. Which finding provides the best evidence that peritoneal dialysis is achieving a therapeutic effect?

A 62-year-old client with chronic renal failure is about to begin peritoneal dialysis. During discharge teaching, the nurse advises the client about potential complications associated with the treatment. Which complication is most important for the nurse to include?

A 58-year-old client with end-stage renal disease arrives at the hospital complaining of shortness of breath. Assessment reveals pedal edema. The client’s last hemodialysis session was yesterday. Vital signs are: BP 200/100 mmHg, HR 110/min, RR 36/min, and O₂ saturation 89% on room air. Which of the following interventions should the nurse perform first?

A 45-year-old client is brought to the clinic by family members who report recent changes in personality, poor judgment, and impulsive behavior. Neurological examination is otherwise unremarkable. Which area of the brain is most likely affected by a lesion causing these changes?

A 50-year-old client is admitted after a head injury. Neurological assessment shows difficulty with planning, decision-making, and controlling emotions, while other functions such as vision and hearing are intact. The nurse recalls that these functions are primarily controlled by which part of the brain?

A 65-year-old man with a 40-year history of cigarette smoking visits the clinic complaining of chronic cough and shortness of breath. Physical examination reveals barrel-shaped chest and prolonged expiration. The healthcare provider suspects abnormal, permanent enlargement of the alveoli. Which condition does this most likely indicate?

A 26-year-old primigravida woman is admitted to the labor unit with regular uterine contractions. The nurse monitors cervical dilation and effacement throughout labor. The nurse knows that the first stage of labor ends when which of the following occurs?

A 24-year-old primigravida woman in the latent phase of the first stage of labor is admitted to the labor unit. Contractions are mild and occur every 8–10 minutes. The nurse prepares to monitor the fetal heart rate (FHR). How often should the nurse plan to assess the FHR during this phase?

A nurse is caring for a postpartum woman who has just delivered her baby and placenta. The physician orders oxytocin (Pitocin) to be administered intravenously. The nurse explains to the client that this medication is given for which primary purpose?

A nurse is assisting with the delivery of a newborn. After the baby is born, the nurse observes for signs indicating that the placenta has separated from the uterine wall and is ready for delivery. Which of the following observations best indicates that placental separation has occurred?

A 28-year-old woman visits the clinic for preconception counseling. The nurse explains that certain vitamin deficiencies can increase the risk of congenital abnormalities such as neural tube defects in the developing fetus. Deficiency of which vitamin increases this risk?

A 32-year-old female client is diagnosed with folic acid deficiency anemia. During discharge teaching, the nurse emphasizes the importance of eating foods rich in folic acid. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend as having the highest folic acid content?

A 27-year-old woman visits the antenatal clinic for her first prenatal check-up. The nurse educates her on the importance of folic acid in preventing neural tube defects. The client asks how much folic acid she should take daily during pregnancy. What is the recommended daily dose?

A 29-year-old woman, 5 days postpartum, visits the clinic and asks the nurse how long vaginal discharge (lochia) will continue after delivery. The nurse explains the normal pattern of lochia during the postpartum period. Lochia normally disappears after how many days postpartum?