EPIDEMIOLOGY for DHA PROMETRIC HAAD MOH Exams
1.
A nurse is reviewing a community’s health statistics. The nurse notes that there is a high incidence of lung cancer in the population. Which of the following is the best initial step to determine if smoking is a contributing factor?
2.
A nurse is educating a group of community members about preventive measures to reduce the risk of infectious diseases. Which of the following terms describes the measure of the likelihood that an individual in a population will contract a disease over a specified period?
3.
A nurse is conducting a health assessment in a community where there has been a recent outbreak of measles. The nurse finds that most of the affected individuals are children who have not been vaccinated. This situation is an example of:
4.
In a study, a researcher is looking at the relationship between high cholesterol levels and the development of cardiovascular disease. The study population is followed over a period of 10 years to observe the incidence of cardiovascular disease. This type of study is known as:
5.
A nurse is working in a community where a large percentage of the population is at risk for type 2 diabetes due to a high prevalence of obesity. The nurse wants to reduce the risk of diabetes in the community. Which of the following primary prevention strategies would be most effective?
6.
A nurse is analyzing a case study involving the spread of an infectious disease. The nurse notes that the disease spreads rapidly in a specific population due to close living conditions. This mode of transmission is most likely:
7.
Which of the following measures best describes secondary prevention in the context of breast cancer?
8.
A nurse is preparing a health education program on primary prevention for a community with a high rate of hypertension. Which of the following interventions should the nurse prioritize?
9.
In an epidemiological study, the prevalence of a disease refers to:
10.
A nurse is reviewing the data from a study that examines the relationship between a sedentary lifestyle and heart disease. This type of study is best classified as:
11.
A community has been experiencing an outbreak of pertussis (whooping cough). The nurse educates the population on the importance of vaccination as a preventive measure. This intervention is an example of:
12.
A nurse is working with a population at high risk for a particular infectious disease. The nurse decides to conduct a case-control study to investigate possible risk factors. In this study, individuals who have the disease are compared to individuals who do not have the disease. What is the main advantage of this study design?
13.
A nurse is conducting an epidemiological survey in a community to gather information on the distribution of asthma in the population. The survey collects data on individuals' current health status and any history of asthma. This study design is an example of:
14.
In an epidemiological study, relative risk is used to compare:
15.
A nurse is evaluating an outbreak of influenza in a community. The nurse notes that the disease is spreading rapidly among individuals who have been in close contact with each other. Which mode of transmission is most likely involved?
16.
A nurse is educating a group of students about the epidemiologic triangle. Which of the following factors is considered the "host" in the epidemiologic model?
17.
A nurse is analyzing the effectiveness of a new flu vaccine. Which type of study would be most appropriate to determine whether the vaccine reduces the risk of developing influenza in a population?
18.
A nurse is reviewing the mortality rates in a community. Which of the following is a direct indicator of the community's health status?
19.
A nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of a tuberculosis screening program. The nurse finds that some individuals tested negative for TB despite being infected with the disease. This result indicates a problem with which of the following?
20.
A nurse is analyzing the attack rate during an outbreak of foodborne illness in a community. The nurse should interpret the attack rate as:
21.
A nurse is assessing the risk factors associated with the development of lung cancer. Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor?
22.
A nurse is discussing the importance of surveillance in public health. Which of the following best describes the goal of surveillance in epidemiology?
23.
A nurse is reviewing a study on the relationship between high blood pressure and stroke. The study finds that individuals with high blood pressure are twice as likely to have a stroke compared to those without high blood pressure. This finding is most accurately described as:
24.
In a community, there is a sudden increase in the number of cases of Norovirus infection. The nurse determines that this is an example of:
25.
A nurse is working with a population that is at high risk for tuberculosis (TB). The nurse explains that the incidence rate of TB is calculated by:
26.
A nurse is working in a community with a high prevalence of diabetes. The nurse decides to evaluate the effectiveness of a newly implemented diabetes prevention program. Which of the following study designs would provide the strongest evidence of effectiveness?
27.
A nurse is preparing an educational session on secondary prevention of cancer. Which of the following activities is the best example of secondary prevention?
28.
A nurse is reading a report on a disease outbreak in a community. The report states that the number of people diagnosed with the disease is higher than expected for the time and place. This is an example of:
29.
A nurse is reviewing a research study in which individuals with a disease are compared with those without the disease to identify risk factors. This study is an example of:
30.
Which of the following is the primary purpose of epidemiological surveillance in public health?
31.
A nurse is educating the public about the role of the agent in the epidemiological triangle. Which of the following best represents the agent in this model?
32.
A nurse is assessing the prevalence of HIV in a population. Which of the following is true regarding prevalence?
33.
A nurse is reading a report on a longitudinal cohort study that tracks individuals over time to assess the development of cardiovascular disease. The study's primary goal is to:
34.
A nurse is conducting a cross-sectional study to assess the prevalence of depression in a community. Which of the following is a key characteristic of a cross-sectional study?
35.
A nurse is discussing tertiary prevention with a group of patients. Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention?
36.
A nurse is reviewing a report that describes the incidence rate of tuberculosis (TB) in a specific population. The incidence rate refers to:
37.
A nurse is educating a group of pregnant women on primary prevention strategies to reduce the risk of gestational diabetes. Which of the following is the best example of primary prevention?
38.
A nurse is evaluating a cohort study on the relationship between high blood pressure and stroke. Which of the following would be a key strength of this study design?
39.
In a randomized controlled trial (RCT) studying the effects of a new drug on hypertension, the nurse notes that neither the participants nor the researchers know who is receiving the drug and who is receiving a placebo. This design is an example of:
40.
A nurse is conducting a study on the relationship between air pollution and respiratory diseases. This is an example of a study that primarily investigates:
41.
A nurse is evaluating data on prevalence and incidence rates in a population. Which of the following accurately differentiates these two measures?
42.
A nurse is reviewing a prospective cohort study on smoking and lung cancer. The study tracks participants over a 10-year period. Which of the following is a major advantage of this study design?
43.
A nurse is educating a community on the importance of vaccination in preventing infectious diseases. This educational effort is an example of:
44.
A nurse is reviewing data on a population's attack rate during an outbreak of foodborne illness. The nurse understands that the attack rate is:
45.
A nurse is evaluating a study that measures the number of new cases of melanoma in a population over the past year. This is an example of:
46.
A nurse is educating a group of students on the epidemiologic triangle. The host in the triangle is defined as:
47.
A nurse is conducting an assessment on the risk factors for hypertension in a community. Which of the following is considered a modifiable risk factor?
48.
A nurse is reviewing the data from an outbreak of hepatitis A in a community. The nurse determines that the source of the outbreak was contaminated water. The nurse concludes that the mode of transmission was most likely:
49.
A nurse is reviewing a cohort study that tracks two groups of people, one with high cholesterol levels and one with normal cholesterol levels. The nurse concludes that the study's findings support an association between high cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. Which of the following can be concluded from this study?
50.
A nurse is educating the community about the role of vaccination in preventing the spread of measles. This preventive measure is an example of:
51.
.A nurse is educating a group of students about the chain of infection. Which of the following represents the correct order of the chain of infection?
52.
During an outbreak of influenza in a community, which of the following actions should the nurse prioritize to help control the spread of the disease?
53.
Which of the following is an example of primary prevention in epidemiology?
54.
The nurse is conducting a study on the prevalence of diabetes in a specific population. Which of the following best describes "prevalence"?
55.
A nurse is working in a community affected by a recent measles outbreak. Which of the following represents an example of secondary prevention?
56.
In epidemiology, what does the term "incidence" refer to?
57.
A nurse is explaining different types of disease occurrence to a group of nursing students. Which of the following describes a disease that occurs irregularly and infrequently in a population?
58.
Which of the following best describes a pandemic?
59.
A nurse is working in a region where malaria is always present at a predictable rate. This is an example of which type of disease occurrence?
60.
During flu season, there is a sharp increase in the number of cases in a specific city. This situation is best described as
61.
Which of the following statements is true regarding endemic diseases?
62.
A nurse is explaining the difference between epidemic and pandemic to a patient. Which of the following statements accurately reflects the difference?
63.
A nurse is reviewing a report on the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in a community. What does "incidence" refer to in epidemiological terms?
64.
A community health nurse is investigating a cluster of foodborne illness cases in a town. What term best describes this situation?
65.
In the study of disease, which term refers to the proportion of individuals in a population who have a particular disease at a specific point in time?
66.
A nurse is involved in a public health campaign to reduce smoking rates in a community. This is an example of which level of prevention?
67.
A nurse is studying the patterns of malaria transmission in different regions. Which of the following best describes the concept of "epidemiology"?
68.
A nurse is assessing the effectiveness of a new vaccine in preventing an outbreak of measles. The vaccine's ability to protect the population through the prevention of disease transmission is known as
69.
Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention in epidemiology?
70.
A nurse is part of a team monitoring the spread of a new strain of influenza. What type of study design is most appropriate for understanding how this disease spreads through the population?
71.
A health department reports that the mortality rate from cardiovascular disease in a city has decreased over the past decade. What does "mortality rate" refer to?
72.
Which of the following statements accurately describes the term "surveillance" in epidemiology?
73.
A nurse is studying the relationship between smoking and lung cancer by comparing patients with lung cancer to those without the disease and examining their smoking history. What type of study is this?
74.
In a cohort study, a nurse is following a group of individuals over time to observe the development of heart disease. What distinguishes a cohort study from other types of epidemiological studies?
75.
A nurse is conducting a study to determine the prevalence of hypertension in a community by measuring blood pressure in a sample of the population at a single point in time. This type of study is known as
76.
Which of the following is a key feature of a case-control study?
77.
A nurse is participating in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the effectiveness of a new drug. What is a key characteristic of an RCT?
78.
A researcher is studying the impact of a high-fat diet on the development of diabetes by following a group of healthy individuals over several years. This study design is best described as
79.
Which of the following study designs is most appropriate for determining the prevalence of a condition in a specific population at a particular time?
80.
A nurse is reviewing a study that examines the relationship between physical activity and heart disease by comparing patients with heart disease to those without, focusing on their past exercise habits. What type of bias is most common in this type of study?
81.
. A nurse is analyzing a study that follows a group of people exposed to a hazardous chemical over time to observe the development of respiratory illnesses. Which type of study design is this?
82.
In which type of epidemiological study are participants selected based on their disease status and compared to a group without the disease, often using retrospective data?
83.
A nurse is analyzing the average blood pressure readings of a group of patients. What statistical measure represents the sum of all blood pressure readings divided by the number of patients?
84.
A nurse is studying the distribution of patient ages in a clinic. The most frequently occurring age among the patients is referred to as the
85.
In a set of patient data, the ages of the patients are as follows: 22, 25, 29, 30, 30, 34, 35. What is the median age?
86.
A nurse is analyzing the lengths of hospital stays for a group of patients. The stays are as follows: 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 8, 10. What is the mode of the data?
87.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the mean, median, and mode?
88.
A nurse is reviewing the daily caloric intake of patients in a clinic. The values are: 1500, 1600, 1600, 1700, 1800, 2200, 2500. What is the median caloric intake?
89.
If a nurse wants to determine the central tendency of a data set that has extreme outliers, which measure is most appropriate?
90.
A nurse is collecting data on the number of hours patients sleep each night. If the most common number of hours is 7, but the average (mean) is 6.5 hours due to a few patients who sleep significantly less, what measure of central tendency should be used to describe the data most accurately?
91.
In a dataset of patient ages where most patients are elderly, but a few are very young, which measure of central tendency is least likely to be skewed by the younger ages?
92.
A nurse is analyzing the heights of a group of patients. If the mean height is 165 cm, the median height is 162 cm, and the mode is 160 cm, which measure suggests that the data may be skewed?
93.
A nurse is reviewing the number of hours patients spent in the recovery room after surgery. The hours are as follows: 2, 4, 3, 5, 6. What is the mean number of hours spent in the recovery room?
94.
A community health nurse is preparing for a home visit to a new mother and her infant. Which of the following should the nurse prioritize during the initial visit?
95.
During a home visit, a nurse notices that an elderly client is having difficulty managing their medications. What is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take?
96.
A community health nurse is conducting a follow-up home visit for a patient with diabetes. Which of the following interventions should be prioritized during the visit?
97.
During a home visit, a community health nurse observes that a family with young children is living in a home with peeling lead-based paint. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention?
98.
A nurse is planning a home visit to a patient who has recently been discharged following a stroke. Which of the following is the primary goal of the home visit?
99.
During a home visit, a community health nurse finds that an elderly client is at risk for falls due to cluttered walkways and poor lighting. What is the most appropriate initial nursing action?
100.
A community health nurse is conducting a home visit to a family with limited resources. The family expresses concern about food insecurity. What is the most appropriate action for the nurse?
101.
During a home visit, a nurse is educating a client with chronic heart failure on weight monitoring. What instruction should the nurse prioritize?
102.
A community health nurse is visiting a home where there are signs of neglect and abuse of a child. What should the nurse do first?
103.
During a home visit, a community health nurse is assessing a family’s understanding of infection control practices for a member recovering from surgery. Which of the following is most important for the nurse to address?
